Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and what conditions does it treat? How TMS works? What are the risks, benefits, and side effects?

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. TMS is primarily used to treat conditions such as depression, especially in patients who have not responded to traditional treatments like medication or psychotherapy. It has also been explored for use in treating other mental health conditions, such as anxiety, PTSD, and schizophrenia, as well as neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease and chronic pain.

How TMS Works

TMS works by delivering brief magnetic pulses through a coil placed on the scalp, which creates an electric current that stimulates specific areas of the brain. The most common application targets the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in mood regulation. The magnetic pulses influence neural activity, potentially altering brain chemistry in a way that can improve mood and cognitive function. The procedure is usually done in a series of sessions lasting about 30 to 40 minutes, often five times a week, over several weeks.

Risks and Side Effects

While TMS is generally considered safe, there are some potential side effects and risks:

• Headaches: The most common side effect, usually mild and temporary.
• Scalp discomfort: Discomfort where the magnetic coil is applied.
• Tingling or twitching: Sensations in the face or scalp.
• Seizures: Though rare, TMS has been associated with an increased risk of seizures, especially in people with a history of epilepsy or seizures.
• Hearing loss: There is a potential risk of hearing damage from the loud noise produced during TMS sessions. Patients are often given earplugs.

Benefits of TMS

• Effectiveness in Depression: TMS has shown significant effectiveness in patients with treatment-resistant depression, improving mood and reducing symptoms.
• Non-invasive: TMS doesn’t require surgery or medications, making it a desirable alternative for those who can’t tolerate medications.
• Minimal side effects: TMS has fewer and milder side effects compared to medications for mental health conditions.
• No anesthesia required: Unlike other brain stimulation therapies, TMS doesn’t require sedation, so patients can resume their…