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Colonial Empires in the Americas
1. When it came to building empires in the Americas, the Europeans had some advantages. Explain what they were, and how they served as advantages.
2. What was the Columbian exchange, and how was it global in nature?
3. How did the Spanish transform the land once controlled by the Aztecs and Inca into a colonial empire? (think–how did the Spanish change things?)
4. How did the plantation societies of Brazil and the Caribbean differ from those in the southern colonies of North America?
5. How were the colonies created by the British in North America different than those that had been established by the Spanish and Portuguese in Latin America?
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Colonial Empires in the Americas
1. When it came to building empires in the Americas, the Europeans had some advantages. Explain what they were, and how they served as advantages.
The Europeans had several key advantages that helped them build successful empires in the Americas. These included advanced military technology, such as guns and cannons, which allowed them to overpower indigenous populations that lacked similar weaponry. The Europeans also had the advantage of navigation skills and maritime technology, such as the caravel, which enabled them to travel long distances across the ocean. Diseases such as smallpox, which Europeans brought to the Americas, decimated indigenous populations, further weakening resistance to colonization. Additionally, the Europeans had access to horses, which were used in warfare and as a means of transportation, providing an edge in mobility. The Europeans also had a well-developed system of trade, which helped fund and sustain their expeditions. These advantages, combined with a European desire for wealth, resources, and land, facilitated the rapid establishment of empires in the Americas.
2. What was the Columbian Exchange, and how was it global in nature?
The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread exchange of goods, people, ideas, plants, animals, and diseases between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres following Christopher Columbus’s voyages in 1492. It was global in nature because it connected continents that had previously been isolated from one another—Europe, Africa, and the Americas. From the Americas, products like maize, potatoes, and tobacco were introduced to Europe, while European crops like wheat and sugar were brought to the Americas. Livestock such as horses, cattle, and pigs were introduced to the New World, drastically changing agriculture and ecosystems. The Exchange also included the forced movement of..