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Achilles Tendon Rupture Diagnosis
Mr. Ahmadi, an out-of-shape 45-year-old man, was advised by his physician to lose weight and to exercise on a regular basis. He followed his diet faithfully and began to jog daily. One day, while on his morning jog, he heard a snapping sound that was immediately followed by a severe pain in his right lower calf. When his leg was examined, a gap was seen between his swollen upper calf region and his heel. He was unable to plantar flex that ankle.
What do you think happened?
Why was the upper part of his calf swollen?
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Achilles Tendon Rupture Diagnosis
Based on Mr. Ahmadi’s symptoms and physical findings, it is highly likely that he suffered a ruptured Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon is the strongest and largest tendon in the human body, connecting the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles to the calcaneus (heel bone). This tendon is essential for plantar flexion (pointing the toes downward) and plays a crucial role in activities like jogging, jumping, and walking.
What Happened?
- The snapping sound he heard was likely the Achilles tendon tearing.
- The sudden, severe pain in the lower calf is characteristic of acute Achilles tendon rupture.
- The inability to plantar flex the ankle is a key clinical sign, as the Achilles tendon is responsible for this movement.
- The visible gap between the upper calf and the heel is indicative of a complete rupture, where the torn ends of the tendon have separated.
Why Was the Upper Part of His Calf Swollen?
- Muscle Retraction: When the Achilles tendon ruptures, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles lose their anchoring point at the heel. Without this connection, they retract upward toward the knee, creating a swollen or bulging appearance in the upper calf.
- Inflammatory Response: The rupture triggers localized inflammation, leading to swelling, redness, and bruising in the calf area.
- Accumulation of Blood (Hematoma): Blood vessels within the tendon and surrounding tissues may rupture, causing bleeding into the soft tissues of the calf, contributing to…