Cardiovascular and Hematologic Therapy

Cardiovascular and Hematologic Therapy

Drug Therapy & Treatments for Cardiovascular and Hematologic Disorders

Based on Module 3: Lecture Materials & Resources and experience, please  answer the following questions:

1. Describe the goals of drug therapy for hypertension and the different antihypertensive treatment.
2. Describe types of arrhythmias and their treatment
3. Discuss Atrial Fibrillation
   1. Discuss types of anemia, causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Submission Instructions:

• Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in the current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources within the past 5 yrs.
  • Each question must be answered individually as in bullet points.

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APA

Cardiovascular and Hematologic Therapy

Goals of Drug Therapy for Hypertension and Different Antihypertensive Treatments

• Goals of Drug Therapy for Hypertension:
  The primary goals of antihypertensive drug therapy are:
  1. Reducing blood pressure to target levels, generally below 140/90 mmHg for most patients or below 130/80 mmHg for those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease.
  2. Minimizing the risk of cardiovascular events such as stroke, myocardial infarction, or heart failure.
  3. Preventing target organ damage to the heart, kidneys, brain, and blood vessels.
• Types of Antihypertensive Treatments:
  1. Diuretics: These medications, such as thiazides, reduce blood volume by promoting sodium and water excretion. Example: Hydrochlorothiazide.
  2. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors: These block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor, thereby lowering blood pressure. Example: Lisinopril.
  3. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs): These block angiotensin II receptors, promoting vasodilation. Example: Losartan.
  4. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs): These relax blood vessels and reduce the heart’s workload by inhibiting calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle cells. Example: Amlodipine.
  5. Beta-Blockers: These reduce heart rate and cardiac output by blocking adrenergic receptors. Example: Metoprolol.
  6. Direct Vasodilators: These directly relax vascular smooth muscle, lowering resistance. Example: Hydralazine.

Types of Arrhythmias and Their Treatment

• Types of Arrhythmias:
  1. Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Irregular and rapid atrial contractions causing inefficient ventricular filling.
  2. Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): Rapid heart rhythm originating in the ventricles, potentially life-threatening.
  3. Bradycardia: Abnormally slow heart rate, often below 60 beats per minute.
  4. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles.
• Treatment of Arrhythmias:
  1. Medications: Antiarrhythmic drugs such as