PCOS and Hyperandrogenism Management

PCOS and Hyperandrogenism Management

Case #2

A new female patient, C.Y. 32-year-old patient consults your office because she presents hirsutism, clitoral hypertrophy and menstrual dysfunction. She also stated she has gain weight lately. You suspect of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

• Discuss and described the pathophysiology and symptomology/clinical manifestations of Hyperandrogenism.
• Discuss three differential diagnoses for AUB with ICD 10 numbers for each.
• Discuss patient education.
• Develop the management plan (pharmacological and nonpharmacological).

1. An effective health assessment incorporates not only physiological parameters; please suggest other parameters that should be considered and included on health assessments to reach maximal health potential on individuals.
2. Name the different family developmental stages and give examples of each one.
3. Describe family structure and function and the relationship with health care.

Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. Your initial post is worth 8 points.

Check our essay writing services here

APA

PCOS and Hyperandrogenism Management

Pathophysiology of Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism is characterized by an excess of androgens (testosterone, DHEA-S, androstenedione) in females, leading to clinical signs of virilization and reproductive dysfunction. The primary pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to hyperandrogenism include:

1. Ovarian Dysfunction: In PCOS, the ovarian theca cells produce excess androgens due to hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin resistance, which disrupts normal ovarian follicular development.
2. Adrenal Contribution: In some cases, the adrenal glands overproduce androgens, such as in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
3. Peripheral Androgen Conversion: Adipose tissue can convert weak androgens into more potent testosterone, exacerbating hyperandrogenism in obese patients.

Clinical Manifestations of Hyperandrogenism

• Hirsutism: Excessive hair growth in a male-pattern distribution (chin, upper lip, chest, back).
• Clitoral Hypertrophy: Uncommon in mild hyperandrogenism but present in more severe cases.
• Menstrual Dysfunction: Oligomenorrhea (infrequent menstruation) or amenorrhea (absence of periods).
• Weight Gain: Often associated with insulin resistance in PCOS.
• Androgenic Alopecia: Thinning of hair, particularly at the crown and temples.
• Acne and Oily Skin: Increased sebaceous gland activity.
• Acanthosis Nigricans: Darkened skin patches, often seen in…